Intercultural Research Series Foreword Michael H．Prosser Volume Preface Cultural Patterns of Communication-Values-Identity Struggles A New Stage of Comparative Literature： An Introduction to the New SISU Ph．D．Program - Comparative Literature and Intercultural Studies
Section One Comparative Analyses of Literary Value Constructions 1．Value and Canonicity： The Making of World Literature 2．Cultures of Honor， Cultures of Face： Literary Representations of Gendered Values 3．Writing Maafa： Narratives of Violence in the Works of Daniel Defoe， Jane Austen， Audre Lorde， and Fred D'Aguiar 4．Comparative Sexual Ethics： William Faulkner and Mo Yan 5．Chinese Literature "Going Abroad"' The Case of Big Breasts and Wide Hips 6．Women and National Development： A Comparative Study …… Section Two Perspectives on Migration About the Authors About the Series
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Ancient Athens served as an intercultural and intellectual crossroads for Asia and Europe. The Greek philosopher，Socrates' famous statement 6*1 am neither a citizen of Athens，nor of Greece，but of the world" speaks eloquently of the impact of intercultural communication，comparative analysis，and the importance of identity clarification both in his and contemporary society. Greek philosophers Socrates，Plato，and Aristotle all looked outward from their own culture，identifying or debating major world value orientations such as goodness，justice，truth，and happiness. For East Asia，multiple schools of thought developed during the Spring and Autumn Period，shaping China's cross-state communication. Confucius' Analects articulated the role of ren（benevolence and kindness），li（propriety and right living through ritual） ，de（moral power） ，dao（internalized moral direction） ，and mianzi or lian（externalized social image and harmony）. These Confucian orientations were integrated into what became the fabric of not only the Chinese state，but the educational and philosophical orientation of much of East and South-Eastern Asia.
All of these early cultural conceptualizations of identities and values strongly support the potentially positive intercultural，multicultural，and global world orientations that have enhanced a dialogue of civilizations and cultures，and stress factors that are unifying rather than divisive. The challenge continues to be substantial since intercultural，multicultural，and global communication might just as easily be highly negative with increasing war，poverty，crime，and pandemics.The goal of all those interested in promoting a better local and global society vastly prefers the former.
The location from which this series originates shows some of these dynamics and contradictions. Just as each nation and people
must deal with highs and lows，China is grappling both with some of the positive dialogues of modernization and internationalization，and with the hallenges of divergent cultural or global discourses. From the depths of the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan that rallied not only the nation's，but the orld's sympathy，engagement and commitment to rebuild，to the heights of the spectacularly well-orchestrated and successful 2008 Beijing Olympics； from the ongoing challenges of natural disasters like floods or human tragedies and accidents or the global financial crisis，to the futuristic development of Shanghai and its visionary and record-breaking participation and cooperation at the 2010 Shanghai Expo，we see these human and intercultural dynamics at work.
I would suggest that intercultural communication as a field has emerged to embody and embrace both these challenges of human clashes and the dialogues across cultures and civilizations. The anthropologists Edward T. Hall and R'uth Benedict serve as the symbolic grandparents of intercultural communication in North America，though neither set out to begin a new field. Others in North America in the 1960s and 1970s and coming from various viewpoints（see Vol. 2 for the complete list of influencing scholars） and I sought early to develop an intercultural communication discipline or sub-discipline，which has now spread broadly through much of the academic world.
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