Contents
Introduction ……………………………………………………001
Chapter One Literature Review ………………………………006
1.1 Definition of empathy ……………………………………………006
1.2 A comparison between Chinese and Western empathy …………019
1.3 Previous studies on poetry translation in Hongloumeng …………022
Chapter Two Poetry and Poetry Translation …………………030
2.1 The definition of poetry …………………………………………030
2.2 The three basic elements of poetry ………………………………032
2.3 Text types and translation emphases ……………………………035
2.4 The translatability of poetry ……………………………………038
2.5 Basic issues for poetry translation ………………………………050
Chapter Three Application of the Approach of Empathy in Poetry
Translation………………………………………………………057
3.1 Difficulties of poetry translation …………………………………057
3.2 Reasons for application of the approach of empathy in poetry
translation …………………………………………………………………074
3.3 Empathetic obstacles in translation ……………………………086
Chapter Four Comparison of Aesthetic Empathy in Poetry Transla?
tion in Hongloumeng ……………………………………………089
4.1 Hongloumeng and its two translated versions …………………089
4.2 Comparison of aesthetic empathy ………………………………096
Chapter Five Comparison of Cultural Empathy in Poetry Transla
tion in Hongloumeng ……………………………………………140
5.1 Culture, language, translation and their mutual relationship ……141
5.2 Application of the approach of cultural empathy
in literary translation ………………………………………………………144
5.3 Realization of the approach of cultural empathy in literary translation
……………………………………………………………………………148
5.4 Comparison of cultural empathy in poetry translation in
Hongloumeng ………………………………………………………………152
Chapter Six Comparison of Pragmatic Empathy in Poetry Translation in Hongloumeng ……………………………………………189
6.1 Theory of pragmatic empathy ……………………………………189
6.2 Comparison of pragmatic empathy ………………………………192
Chapter Seven Possible Explanations for Two Empathetic
Approaches: Empathy to ST and the Author v.s. Empathy to TT and
Readers …………………………………………………………197
7.1 Theoretic explanations of empathy ………………………………198
7.2 Features of Chinese poetic language that allow for expansion……215
7.3 Subjectivity—as an undeniable fact ……………………………225
Conclusion………………………………………………………236
Bibliography ……………………………………………………241